P284

The rationalization of living space was a central theme in 20th-century architecture, particularly during the interwar period when the International Congresses of Modern Architecture (CIAM) debated the concept of the minimum dwelling unit. The goal was to combine urban reconstruction, hygienist principles, and the promise of industrialization to democratize quality architecture.  

Although urban spaces have become more complex over the years, the rationalization of housing units remains a relevant topic in architecture. The design of the Le Havre and Lodz towers in Vila Leopoldina exemplifies this concern by balancing programmatic diversity with spatial efficiency. The organization of the compact apartments, featuring built-in furniture, perforated elements, and strategic materials, optimizes lighting and ventilation, reflecting the legacy of the Modern Movement in contemporary housing.